Second-hand smoke exposure in playgrounds in 11 European countries
نویسندگان
چکیده
منابع مشابه
Second-hand smoke exposure in a sample of European hospitals.
Smoking in hospitals is banned in many European countries; nevertheless, the level of compliance is diverse, and, in some cases, smoking areas remain. The present study describes the levels of second-hand smoke, as derived from respirable suspended particle measurements, in a sample of European hospitals during the year 2007. The present study was a multicentric descriptive cross-sectional stud...
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Introduction: Educational attainment and poverty status are two strong socioeconomic status (SES) indicators that protect individuals against exposure to second-hand smoke. Minorities’ Diminished Returns (MDRs), however, refer to smaller protective effects of SES indicators among ethnic minority groups such as Hispanics and Blacks, compared to non-Hispanic Whites. This...
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Background The effect of smoking cigarettes is followed by diverse effects on ovaries and developing follicles but the effect of passive smoking on ovarian function is unknown. On the other hand, the ovarian response to induction is a very important step in assisted reproduction. The aim of this study is to compare ovarian response in passive smokers and non-passive smokers in an assisted repro...
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background prematurity is an issue related to increasing the neonatal morbidity and mortality and smoking pregnant women cause the risk of low birth weight and prematurity increase, compared to non-smoking ones. results of all 205 women, 43 (20.97%) women exposed to shs during pregnancy and 162 (79.02%) women did not. in shs exposure group, 11 infant (25.6%) and in non- shs exposure group, 17 i...
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Objective: To investigate exposure of children to second hand smoke (SHS) in cars under real life smoking and realistic driving conditions. Methods: PM2.5 concentrations (particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter below 2.5μm) were monitored as a marker for SHS in 21 car journeys using the TSI portable photometer SidePakTM. Five participants (includ ing one non-smoker) volunteered to drive...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Tobacco Prevention & Cessation
سال: 2019
ISSN: 2459-3087
DOI: 10.18332/tpc/105301